From: Displacement-based seismic performance of RC bridge pier
Limit state: | Cracking | Yielding | Spalling | Crushing | Buckling | Fracturing |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
umin: | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
umax: | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.8 |
ume: | 0.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
[ur]: |  | [0.30μ] | [0.25μ] | [0.20μ] | [0.15μ] | [0.10μ] |
[ucal]: | [0, 0.9] | [0.3, 1.5] | [0.9, 2] | [1.3, 2.4] | [1.7, 2.7] | [1.9, 2.9] |
[uref]: | [0, 0.4] | [1.2, 1.9] | [1.9, 2.9] | [3.9, 5.4] | [5.8, 8.3] | [9.3, 10] |
[u]: | [0, 0.7] | [0.8, 1.7] | [1.4, 2.5] | [2.6, 3.9] | [3.8, 5.5] | [5.6, 6.5] |