Fig. 8

Bridge seismic responses in liquefiable soil with versus without hydrodynamic effect (added mass) under the seismic design level of 2%-50 years: a bearing deformation, b column curvature, and c pile curvature
Bridge seismic responses in liquefiable soil with versus without hydrodynamic effect (added mass) under the seismic design level of 2%-50 years: a bearing deformation, b column curvature, and c pile curvature