Table 3 Coefficients of friction for bridge elastomeric bearings considering sliding
Reference | Method | Contact surface | Coefficient of friction, μ |
|---|---|---|---|
AASHTO (2014) | Specification | Elastomer-Concrete | 0.20 |
Elastomer-Steel | 0.20 | ||
Caltrans (2009) | Specification | Elastomer-Concrete | 0.40 |
Elastomer-Steel | 0.35 | ||
EN 1337-3 (2005) | Specification | Elastomer-Concrete | \( \mathsf{0.1}+\frac{\mathsf{0.9}}{{\mathsf{\sigma}}_{\mathsf{m}}} \) |
Other Surfaces | \( \mathsf{0.1}+\frac{\mathsf{0.3}}{{\mathsf{\sigma}}_{\mathsf{m}}} \) | ||
Specification | Elastomer-Concrete | 0.15 | |
Elastomer-Steel | 0.10 | ||
MTC (2019) | Specification | Elastomer-Concrete | 0.30 |
Elastomer-Steel | 0.20 | ||
Schrage (1981) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Concrete | \( \mathsf{0.18}+\frac{\mathsf{0.37}}{{\mathsf{\sigma}}_{\mathsf{m}}}\hbox{-} \frac{\sum {\mathsf{\delta}}_{\mathsf{u}\_\mathsf{slip}}}{\mathsf{100}} \) |
Liu et al. (2006) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Mortar | \( {\displaystyle \begin{array}{l}{\mathsf{6}}^{\hbox{-} \mathsf{6}}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{4}}\hbox{-} \mathsf{0.0002}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{3}}+\mathsf{0.0022}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{2}}\\ {}+\mathsf{0.0085}\mathsf{v}+\mathsf{0.1969}\end{array}} \) |
Elastomer-Concrete | \( \mathsf{0.0044}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{2}}\hbox{-} \mathsf{0.0221}\mathsf{v}+\mathsf{0.2408} \) | ||
Elastomer-Steel | \( {\displaystyle \begin{array}{l}{\mathsf{3}}^{\hbox{-} \mathsf{6}}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{4}}\hbox{-} {\mathsf{9}}^{\hbox{-} \mathsf{5}}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{3}}\hbox{-} \mathsf{0.0039}{\mathsf{v}}^{\mathsf{2}}\\ {}+\mathsf{0.0341}\mathsf{v}+\mathsf{0.2025}\end{array}} \) | ||
Huang (2009) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Steel | 0.17–0.38 |
Shake-table | Elastomer-Steel | 0.30 | |
Fang (2012) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Steel | 0.10–0.26 |
Shake-table | Elastomer-Steel | 0.27 | |
Steelman et al. (2013) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Concrete | 0.25–0.50 |
Li et al. (2017) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Steel | 0.15–0.40 |
Xiang and Li (2017) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Steel | \( {\displaystyle \begin{array}{l}\mathsf{1.09}{\mathsf{\sigma}}_m^{-0.59}\hbox{-} \\ {}\left(\mathsf{1.09}{\mathsf{\sigma}}_m^{-0.59}\hbox{-} \mathsf{1.02}{\mathsf{\sigma}}_m^{-0.72}\right){\mathsf{e}}^{\hbox{-} \mathsf{0.39}\mathsf{v}}\end{array}} \) |
Xiang et al. (2018) | Shake-table | Elastomer-Steel | 0.40 |
Wu et al. (2018) | Quasi-static | Elastomer-Steel | 0.09–0.24 |